水生态模型

Water Ecosystems Tool

GOTM-FABM-PCLake模型将生物地化模型FABM-PCLake主要分为了9个模块，分别是水体非生物模块（abiotic_water）、底泥非生物模块（abiotic_sediment）、水体浮游植物模块（phytoplankton_water）、底泥浮游植物模块（phytoplankton_sediment）、水生植物模块（macrophytes）、浮游动物模块（zooplankton）、鱼类模块（fish）、底栖动物模块（zoobenthos）和辅助模块（auxiliary），各模块的状态变量数量和涉及过程如下表所示：

1 水体非生物模块（abiotic_water）

水体非生物模块主要描述了在水体中与非生物过程有关的状态变量，包括：无机物（IM）、有机物（岩屑）、溶解性营养物质（氨氮、硝酸盐、磷和溶解性二氧化硅），固定态磷（吸收的磷）和溶解氧。水体非生物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

2 底泥非生物模块（abiotic_sediment）

底泥非生物模块主要描述了在底泥中与非生物过程有关的状态变量，包括：无机物（IM）、有机物（岩屑）、溶解性营养物质（氨氮、硝酸盐、磷和溶解性二氧化硅），固定态磷（吸收的磷）和腐殖质。底泥非生物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

3 水体浮游植物模块（phytoplankton_water）

水体浮游植物模块描述了在水体中与浮游植物相关的过程，主要包含蓝藻、硅藻和绿藻三个浮游植物组。每组浮游植物包含干重、氮和磷三个组分。在该模块中，由于模型假设硅藻里Si/DW比例是个常数（0.1），因此，硅藻里的硅浓度不是状态变量，而被定义成诊断变量。水体浮游植物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

4 底泥浮游植物模块（phytoplankton_sediment）

底泥浮游植物模块描述了与沉降到底泥的浮游植物有关的过程，主要包含蓝藻、硅藻和绿藻三个浮游植物组。每组浮游植物包含干重、氮和磷三个组分。在该模块中，由于模型假设硅藻里Si/DW比例是个常数（0.1），因此，硅藻里的硅浓度不是状态变量，而被定义成诊断变量。底泥浮游植物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

5 水生植物模块（macrophytes）

水生植物模块描述的主要是沉水植物，并将这一模块作为底栖模块进行应用。相关的过程有：同化作用（sDVeg）、营养物质的吸收（sNVeg和sPVeg）、呼吸作用（sDVeg）和排泄作用（sNVeg和sPVeg）。水生植物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

6 浮游动物模块（zooplankton）

浮游动物模块描述了水体中浮游动物的行为。相关的过程有：同化作用、呼吸作用（sDZoo）、排泄作用（sNZoo和sPZoo）、死亡和被幼鱼的消耗。浮游动物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

7 鱼类模块（fish）

鱼类模块主要描述了水体中食浮游动物鱼类（幼鱼）、食底栖动物鱼类（成鱼）和食鱼性鱼类的行为。主要的过程有：

幼鱼：迁移、繁殖（部分成鱼生物量转变为幼鱼）、同化作用（浮游动物的捕食）、呼吸作用（sDFiJv）、排泄作用（sPFiJv和sNFiJv）、死亡、食鱼性鱼类的消耗和成长（部分幼鱼成为成鱼）。

成鱼：迁移、繁殖（部分成鱼生物量转变为幼鱼）、呼吸作用（sDFiJv）、排泄作用（sPFiJv和sNFiJv）、死亡、食鱼性鱼类的消耗和成长（部分幼鱼成为成鱼）。由于成鱼捕食底栖动物，因此成鱼的同化作用在底栖模块。

食鱼性鱼类：迁移、同化作用、呼吸作用和死亡。

鱼类模块包含的状态变量如下表：

8 底栖动物模块（zoobenthos）

底栖动物模块描述了与底栖动物相关的状态变量，其主要过程有：同化作用、消耗作用、呼吸作用（sDBent）、迁移、排泄作用（sNBent和sPBent）和死亡。同时，该模块也包含了食底栖动物鱼类（成鱼）捕食底栖动物的过程。底栖动物模块包含的状态变量如下表：

9 辅助模块（auxiliary）

辅助模块描述了再悬浮、沉降、侵蚀和沉积埋葬过程，以及影响其他一些模块的辅助过程。该模块中没有状态变量。

水体非生物模块（abiotic_water）

1)inorg. matter in water [mgD/l/s]

dDIMW = - tDSetIM +tDResusIM+uDErosIMW

=– settling +resuspension+erosion

2) detritus in water [mgD/l/s]

dDDetW =- tDSetDet + tDResusDet(-wDMinDetW ) [+ wDMortPhytW ] <+ tDMortVegW> {-wDConsDetZoo +wDEgesZoo + wDMortZoo} <+ tDEgesFish + tDMortFishDet +tDEgesPisc +tDMortPiscDet>

3) detritus in water [mgP/l/s]

dPDetW = - tPSetDet + tPResusDet(-wPMinDetW) [+ wPMortPhytDetW] <+ tPMortVegDetW> {-wPConsDetZoo +wPEgesZooDet + wPMortZooDet} <+ tPEgesFishDet + tPMortFishDet +tPEgesPiscDet+ tPMortPiscDet>

4) detritus in water [mgN/l/s]

dNDetW =- tNSetDet + tNResusDet(-wNMinDetW) [+ wNMortPhytDetW] <+ tNMortVegDetW> {-wNConsDetZoo +wNEgesZooDet + wNMortZooDet} <+ tNEgesFishDet + tNMortFishDet+ tNEgesPiscDet+ tNMortPiscDet>

= - settling + resuspension(- mineralisation) [+ algal mortality] <+ part of macrophyte mortality inwater> {– zooplankton detritus consumption +zooplankton egestion andmortality} <+ whitefish egestion and mortality + pred.fish egestion andmortality>

5) detritus [mgSi/ l/s]

dSiDetW = - tSiSetDet + tSiResusDet(- wSiMinDetW) [+ wSiMortDiatW] {+ wSiConsDiatZoo}

= - settling + resuspension(– mineralisation) [+ diatoms mortality] {+zooplankton diatoms consumption}

6) PO4 in water [mgP/l/s]

dPO4W = (wPMinDetW - wPSorpIMW + tPDifPO4) + tPResusPO4 [- wPUptPhyt + wPExcrPhytW +wPMortPhytPO4W] <- tPUptVegW + tPExcrVegW + tPMortVegPO4W> {+ wPExcrZoo + wPEgesZooPO4 +wPMortZooPO4} <+tPExcrFiJv + tPExcrFiAd + tPEgesFishPO4 + tPMortFishPO4 +tPExcrPisc +tPEgesPiscPO4 + tPMortPiscPO4>

= (mineralisation – sorption + diffusion fromsediment) + resuspension [- algal uptake + algal excretion + part ofalgal mortality] <- macrophyte uptake from water + macrophyte excretionin water + part of macrophyte mortality> {+ zooplankton excretion andpart of egestion and mortality} <+ whitefish excretion and part of egestionand mortality + pred.fish excretion and part of egestion and mortality >

7) adsorbed P in water [mgP/l/s]

dPAIMW = tPResusAIM – tPSetAIM(+wPSorpIMW)

= resuspension - settling(+ sorption)

8) ammonium in water [mgN/l/s]

dNH4W = (wNMinDetW - wNNitrW - tNDifNH4) + tNResusNH4 [- wNUptNH4Phyt + wNExcrPhytW +wNMortPhytNH4W] <– tNUptNH4VegW + tNExcrVegW + tNMortVegNH4W> {+wNExcrZoo + wNEgesZooNH4 +wNMortZooNH4 + tNExcrFiJv + tNExcrFiAd +tNEgesFishNH4 + tNMortFishNH4 + tNExcrPisc + tNEgesPiscNH4 + tNMortPiscNH4}

= (mineralisation – nitrification in water - diffusionfrom sediment) + resuspension [- algal uptake + algal excretion + part ofalgal mortality - macrophyte uptake from water] <+ macrophyte excretionin water + part of macrophyte mortality> {+ zooplankton excretion andpart of egestion and mortality} <+ whitefish excretion and part of egestionand mortality + pred.fish excretion and part of egestion and mortality>

9) nitrate in water [mgN/l/s]

dNO3W = (wNNitrW - wNDenitW + tNDifNO3) +tNResusNO3 [- wNUptNO3Phyt] <- tNUptNO3VegW>

= (nitrification in water – denitrif. in water +diffusion from sediment) + resuspension [- algal uptake] <-macrophyte uptake>.

10) oxygen in water [mgO2/l/s]

dO2W = (tO2Aer - wO2MinDetW - wO2NitrW) (-tO2MinDetS + tO2NitrS) [+ wO2ProdPhyt - wO2RespPhytW +wO2UptNO3Phyt] <+tO2ProdVegW - tO2RespVegW + tO2UptNO3VegW>

=(reaeration - mineralisation – nitrification) (-sediment oxygen demand) [+algal production - algal respiration + nitrateuptake by algae] <+ macrophyte production - macrophyte respiration +nitrate uptake by macrophytes>

11)dissolved silicon dioxide in water [mgSi/ l/ s]

dSiO2W= (wSiMinDetW) (+ (1.0 - fRefrDetS) * tSiMinDetS) [- wSiUptDiat + wSiExcrDiatW][+ tSiExcrDiatS]

=(mineralisation in water) (+ mineralisation in sediment) [– diatoms uptake +diatoms excretion in water] [+ diatoms excretion in sed.]

底泥非生物模块（abiotic_sediment）

12)sediment inorg. matter [gD/m2/s]

dDIMS = tDSetIM - tDResusIM –tDBurIM+uDErosIMS

= settling – resuspension –burial+erosion

13) sediment detritus [gD/m2/s]

dDDetS = tDSetDet – tDResusDet -tDBurDet(- tDMinDetS)[+ tDMortPhytS]<+tDMortVegS>{- tDConsDetBent + tDEgesBent + tDMortBent}

14) sediment detritus P [gP/m2/s]

dPDetS = tPSetDet - tPResusDet -tPBurDet(- tPMinDetS)[+ tPMortPhytDetS]<+tPMortVegDetS>{- tPConsDetBent + tPEgesBent + tPMortBent}

15) sediment detritus N [gN/m2/s]

dNDetS = tNSetDet - tNResusDet - tNBurDet(- tNMinDetS)[+ tNMortPhytDetS]<+ tNMortVegDetS>{-tNConsDetBent + tNEgesBent + tNMortBent}

= settling – resuspension -burial(- mineralisation)[+ sed. algal mortality]<+macrophytemortality in sed>{– zoobenthos detritus consumption + zoobenthosegestion and mortality}

16) sediment detritus Si [gSi/m2/s]

dSiDetS = tSiSetDet - tSiResusDet -tSiBurDet(- tSiMinDetS)[+ tSiMortDiatS]{+tSiConsDiatBent}

= settling – resuspension -burial(- mineralisation)[+ sed.diatoms mortality]{–zoobenthosdiatoms consumption}

17) phosphate in pore water [gP/m2/s]

dPO4S = (tPMinDetS* (1.0-fRefrDetS)   – tPSorpIMS - tPDifPO4 - tPChemPO4) - tPResusPO4 - tPBurPO4 [+ tPExcrPhytS + tPMortPhytPO4S]<- tPUptVegS + tPExcrVegS+ tPMortVegPO4S>{+ tPExcrBent +tPEgesBentPO4 + tPMortBentPO4 }

=( detritus and humus mineralisation – sorption -diffusion to/from water - immobilisation)– resuspension - burial   [+excretion and part of mortality of sed.algae]<- macrophyte uptake from sediment +macrophyte excretion in sediment +part of macrophyte mortality>{+ excretion and part of egestion andmortality of zoobenthos}

18) adsorbed P in sediment [gP/m2/s]

dPAIMS = tPSetAIM - tPResusAIM -tPBurAIM(+ tPSorpIMS)

= (sorption )+settling – resuspension – burial

19) pore water ammonium [gN/m2/s]

dNH4S =( tNMinDetS *(1.0-fRefrDetS) - tNDifNH4-tNNitrS)-tNResusNH4- tNBurNH4[+ tNExcrPhytS +tNMortPhytNH4S -tNUptNH4VegS]<+ tNExcrVegS + tNMortVegNH4S>{+ tNExcrBent+tNEgesBentNH4 + tNMortBentNH4}

= (detritus and humus mineralisation - diffusionto/from water-nitrification in sediment)–resuspension - burial[+excretion and part of mortality of sed. algae]<- macrophyteuptake from sediment + macrophyte excretion in sediment + part of macrophytemortality>{+ excretion and part of egestion and mortality ofzoobenthos}

20) pore water nitrate [gN/m2/s]

dNO3S =( tNNitrS - tNDenitS - tNDifNO3)- tNResusNO3 - tNBurNO3<- tNUptNO3VegS>

= (nitrification in sed. - denitrification in sed.- diffusion to/from water) – resuspension - burial<- macrophyte uptake fromsediment>

21) Sediment humus [gD /m2 /s]

dDHumS=uDErosOM - tDBurHum(+ fRefrDetS * tDMinDetS –tDMinHumS)

22) Sediment humus [gN /m2 /s]

dNHumS= uNErosOM - tNBurHum + (fRefrDetS * NDMinDetS –tNMinHumS)

23) Sediment humus [gP /m2 /s]

dPHumS= uPErosOM - tPBurHum(+ fRefrDetS * tPMinDetS –tPMinHumS)

= erosion – burial(+humification– mineralisation)

水体浮游植物模块（phytoplankton_water）

24)diatom dry weight in water column [mgD/l/s]

dDDiatW = [wDAssDiat - wDRespDiatW – wDMortDiatW] - tDSetDiat + tDResusDiat {- wDConsDiatZoo}

25) green algae dry weight in water column [mgD/l /s]

dDGrenW = [wDAssGren - wDRespGrenW – wDMortGrenW] - tDSetGren + tDResusGren {- wDConsGrenZoo}

26) cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) dry weight inwater column [mgD/l /s]

dDBlueW = [wDAssBlue - wDRespBlueW – wDMortBlueW] - tDSetBlue + tDResusBlue {- wDConsBlueZoo}

= [production - respiration – mortality] – settling + resuspension {– grazing}

27) diatom P in water column [mgP/l /s]

dPDiatW = [wPUptDiat - wPExcrDiatW – wPMortDiatW] - tPSetDiat + tPResusDiat – wPConsDiatZoo}

28) green algae P in water column [mgP/l /s]

dPGrenW = [wPUptGren - wPExcrGrenW – wPMortGrenW] - tPSetGren + tPResusGren {- wPConsGrenZoo}

29) cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) P in water column[mgP/l /s]

dPBlueW = [wPUptBlue - wPExcrBlueW – wPMortBlueW] - tPSetBlue + tPResusBlue {- wPConsBlueZoo}

= [uptake – excretion – mortality] – settling + resuspension {– grazing }

30) diatom N in water column [mgN/l /s]

dNDiatW = [wNUptDiat - wNExcrDiatW – wNMortDiatW] - tNSetDiat + tNResusDiat {- wNConsDiatZoo}

31) green algae N in water column [mgN/l /s]

dNGrenW = [wNUptGren - wNExcrGrenW – wNMortGrenW] - tNSetGren + tNResusGren {- wNConsGrenZoo}

32) cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) N in water column[mgN/l /s]

dNBlueW = [wNUptBlue - wNExcrBlueW – wNMortBlueW] - tNSetBlue + tNResusBlue {- wNConsBlueZoo}

= [uptake – excretion – mortality] – settling + resuspension {– grazing}

33)sediment diatom dry weight [gD/m2/s]

dDDiatS =tDSetDiat - tDResusDiat[– tDMortDiatS – tDRespDiatS] {- tDConsDiatBent}

34) sediment green algae dry weight [gD/m2/s]

dDGrenS= tDSetGren - tDResusGren[– tDMortGrenS – tDRespGrenS] {–tDConsGrenBent}

35) sediment cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) dryweight [gD/m2/s]

dDBlueS = tDSetBlue - tDResusBlue[– tDMortBlueS – tDRespBlueS] {– tDConsBlueBent}

= settling – resuspension[– mortality – respiration] {– zoobenthos consumption}

36) sediment diatom phosphorus [gP/m2/s]

dPDiatS = tPSetDiat - tPResusDiat[– tPMortDiatS – tPExcrDiatS] {- tPConsDiatBent}

37) sediment green algae phosphorus [gP/m2/s]

dPGrenS = tPSetGren - tPResusGren[– tPMortGrenS – tPExcrGrenS] {- tPConsGrenBent}

38) sediment cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)phosphorus [gP/m2/s]

dPBlueS = tPSetBlue - tPResusBlue[– tPMortBlueS – tPExcrBlueS] {– tPConsBlueBent}

= settling – resuspension[– mortality – excretion] {– zoobenthos consumption}

39) sediment diatom nitrogen [gN/m2/s]

dNDiatS = tNSetDiat - tNResusDiat[– tNMortDiatS – tNExcrDiatS] {- tNConsDiatBent}

40) sediment green algae nitrogen [gN/m2/s]

dNGrenS = tNSetGren - tNResusGren[– tNMortGrenS – tNExcrGrenS] {- tNConsGrenBent}

41) sediment cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) nitrogen[gN/m2/s]

dNBlueS = tNSetBlue - tNResusBlue – tNMortBlueS -tNExcrBlueS – tNConsBlueBent

= settling – resuspension[– mortality –excretion] {– zoobenthos consumption}

水生植物模块（macrophytes）

42)macrophytes dry weight [gD/m2/s]

dDVeg = <tDProdVeg - tDRespVeg - tDMortVeg +tDMigrVeg>

= <production - respiration - mortality +migrationz>

43) macrophytes phosphorus [gP/m2/s]

dPVeg = <tPUptVeg - tPExcrVeg - tPMortVeg +tPMigrVeg>

= <uptake – excretion - mortality +migration>

44) macrophytes nitrogen [gN/m2/s]

dNVeg = <tNUptVeg - tNExcrVeg - tNMortVeg +tNMigrVeg>

= <uptake – excretion - mortality +migration>

浮游动物模块（zooplankton）

45)zooplankton dry weight [mgD/l/s]

dDZoo ={wDAssZoo - wDRespZoo – wDMortZoo} <–tDConsFiJv>

= {assimilation - respiration – mortality} <– fishpredation>

46) zooplankton phosphorus [mgP/l/s]

dPZoo = {wPAssZoo - wPExcrZoo – wPMortZoo} <–tPConsFiJv>

=   {assimilation- excretion – mortality} <– fish predation>

47) zooplankton phosphorus [mgN/l/s]

dNZoo = {wNAssZoo - wNExcrZoo - wNMortZoo –tNConsFiJv}

= {assimilation - excretion – mortality} <– fishpredation>

鱼类模块（fish）

48)juvenile whitefish dry weight[mgD/l/s]

dDFiJv = <tDMigrFiJv + tDReprFish - tDAgeFish +tDAssFiJv - tDRespFiJv - tDMortFiJv – tDConsFiJvPisc>

49) juvenile whitefish phosphorus [mgP/l/s]

dPFiJv = <tPMigrFiJv + tPReprFish - tPAgeFish +tPAssFiJv - tPRespFiJv - tPMortFiJv – tPConsFiJvPisc>

50) juvenile whitefish nitrogen [mgN/l/s]

dDFiJv = <tDMigrFiJv + tDReprFish - tDAgeFish +tDAssFiJv - tDRespFiJv - tDMortFiJv – tDConsFiJvPisc>

= <migration + reproduction – ageing + assimilation- respiration – mortality –predation>

51) adult whitefish dry weight[mgD/l/s]

dDFiAd = <tDMigrFiAd - tDReprFish + tDAgeFish -tDRespFiAd – tDMortFiAd - tDConsFiAdPisc – tDHarvFish> {+ tDAssFiAd}

52) adult whitefish phosphorus [mgP/l/s]

dPFiAd =<{tPMigrFiAd - tPReprFish + tPAgeFish -tPRespFiAd – tPMortFiAd – tPConsFiAdPisc> {+ tPAssFiAd}

53) adult whitefish nitrogen [mgN/l/s]

dNFiAd = <tNMigrFiAd - tNReprFish + tNAgeFish -tNRespFiAd – tNMortFiAd – tNConsFiAdPisc> {+ tNAssFiAd}

= <migration - reproduction + ageing - respiration– mortality – predation>   {+assimilation}

54) piscivorous fish dry weight[mgD/l/s]

dDPisc =   <tDMigrPisc+ tDAssPisc - tDRespPisc – tDMortPisc>

= <migration + assimilation - respiration –mortality >

底栖动物模块（zoobenthos）

55) zoobenthosdry weight[gD/m2/s]

dDBent = {tDMigrBent + tDAssBent - tDRespBent –tDMortBent - tDConsFiAd}

56) zoobenthos phosphorus[gP/m2/s]

dPBent = {tPMigrBent + tPAssBent - tPRespBent –tPMortBent - tPConsFiAd}

57) zoobenthos nitrogen[gN/m2/s]

dNBent = {tNMigrBent + tNAssBent - tNRespBent –tNMortBent - tNConsFiAd}

= {migration + assimilation - respiration –mortality – fish predation}